The United Republic of Tanzania , or Tanzania, is a country on the east coast of east Africa . Tanzania  first   was  colonized   by  the German  from  1880  to 1991,  when  the  British  take over  after  the  war  with  German  .
Julius Kambarage Nyerere ,become the  first  Minister of British-administered Tanganyika in 1960 and   continued as Prime Minister  when Tanganyika become independent in 1961.Nyerere was a co-founder of the TANGANYIKA  AFRICA NATION UNION(TANU)
In  1964  Tanganyika  merged   with  Zanzibar to form the nation of Tanzania ,and  CCM (chama cha  mapinduzi)   was  born after  TANU  and  Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP) to  merged .Nyerere   was president from  the country's founding until his retirement in 1985.
In 1979  Tanzania declared war on Uganda after Uganda invaded and tried to annex Tanzanian territory in the north of the country. Tanzania not only expelled Ugandan forces, but also invaded Uganda itself, forcing the ousting of Idi Amin.

In 2004, the undersea earthquake  on the other side of the Indian Ocean caused tidal surges along Tanzania's coastline in which 11 people were killed. An oil tank also temporarily ran aground in the Dar es Salam  harbor.

Political
Tanzania's president and National Assembly members are elected concurrently by direct popular vote for 5-year terms. The president appoints a prime minister who serves as the government's leader in the National Assembly. The president selects his cabinet from among National Assembly members. The Constitution also empowers him to nominate 10 non-elected members of Parliament, who also are eligible to become cabinet members
The  second  president  was  Ali  Hassan  Mwinyi   in  1985, also chairman of (CCM)   in  1990
In October 1995, one-party rule came to an end when Tanzania held its first ever multi-party election. However, CCM comfortably won the elections and its candidate Benjamin Mkapa was subsequently sworn in as the new president of the United Republic of Tanzania on 23 November 1995.

Geography
Tanzania is mountainous in the north-east, where Mount  Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest peak, is situated. To the north and west are the Great Lakes of Lake Victoria (Africa's largest lake) and Lake Tanganyika. Central Tanzania comprises a large plateau, with plains and arable land. The eastern shore is hot and humid, with the island of Zanzibar lying just offshore.
Tanzania contains many large and ecologically significant wildlife parks, including the famous Serengeti  National Park in the north.

Economy
Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for half of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 90% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 4% of the land area. Industry is mainly limited to processing agricultural products and light consumer goods. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure. Tanzania has vast amount of natural resources like gold deposits and beautiful national parks that remain underdeveloped. Growth in 1991-99 has featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Natural gas exploration in the Rufiji Delta looks promising and production could start by 2002. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private sector growth and investment. Short-term economic progress also depends on curbing corruption and cutting on unnecessary public spending

Communications
Telecommunication services in Tanzania are often very unreliable. The mobile telephone services are usually available only in urban areas, although there are currently efforts to provide nationwide mobile phone coverage
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